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World Energy Outlook 2025

International Energy Agency (IEA)  ·  Paris, France  ·  November 12, 2025 CC BY 4.0

World Energy Outlook 2025 cover

[PDF]  ·  [IEA]

Authors

Laura Cozzi, Tim Gould, Stéphanie Bouckaert, Christophe McGlade, Brent Wanner, Thomas Spencer, Yasmine Arsalane, Davide D'Ambrosio, Alex Martinos, Apostolos Petropoulos, Siddharth Singh, Daniel Wetzel, Peter Zeniewski
Directed by Laura Cozzi (Director, Sustainability, Technology and Outlooks) and Tim Gould (Chief Energy Economist). Published by the International Energy Agency.

Abstract

The IEA's flagship World Energy Outlook (WEO) is the most authoritative source of global energy analysis and projections. Updated annually to reflect the latest energy data, technology and market trends, and government policies, it explores a range of possible energy futures and their implications for energy security, access and emissions. The WEO-2025 uses three main scenarios — the Current Policies Scenario (CPS), the Stated Policies Scenario (STEPS), and the Net Zero Emissions by 2050 (NZE) Scenario — to illuminate the central choices, consequences and contingencies that lie ahead. A new Accelerating Clean Cooking and Electricity Services (ACCESS) scenario provides a roadmap to universal energy access. The 2025 edition comes against a backdrop of major shifts in energy policies, acute geopolitical strains, and the transformative rise of artificial intelligence — ushering in a new Age of Electricity.

PDF  /  Official report  /  Executive summary  /  Dataset  /  BibTeX

References

IEA (2025). World Energy Outlook 2025. International Energy Agency, Paris. https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-outlook-2025. Licence: CC BY 4.0.

IEA (2024). World Energy Outlook 2024. International Energy Agency, Paris. https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-outlook-2024.

IEA (2023). World Energy Outlook 2023. International Energy Agency, Paris. https://www.iea.org/reports/world-energy-outlook-2023.

IEA (2021). Net Zero by 2050: A Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector. International Energy Agency, Paris. https://www.iea.org/reports/net-zero-by-2050.

IEA (2025). World Energy Outlook 2025 Free Dataset. International Energy Agency, Paris. https://www.iea.org/data-and-statistics/data-product/world-energy-outlook-2025-free-dataset. Licence: CC BY NC SA 4.0.

Cozzi, L. & Gould, T. (2025). Scenarios in the World Energy Outlook 2025. IEA Commentary, 5 November 2025. https://www.iea.org/commentaries/scenarios-in-the-world-energy-outlook-2025.

IPCC (2023). Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland. https://doi.org/10.59327/IPCC/AR6-9789291691647.

IEA (2025). Summit on the Future of Energy Security. International Energy Agency, London, 2025. https://www.iea.org/events/summit-on-the-future-of-energy-security.


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